Identity is the new perimeter, and in Microsoft Entra ID, it’s often the weakest one. At Semperis, we’ve spent years hunting down privilege escalation paths, identity misconfigurations, and subtle access control flaws across enterprise environments. We realized there’s a problem: While attackers are learning fast, defenders have nowhere to safely practice.
That’s why we built EntraGoat1, an open-source, deliberately vulnerable Entra ID environment designed to simulate real-world misconfigurations and attack paths in a hands-on, CTF-style lab.
Meet EntraGoat: Figure 1 shows a preview of what you’re getting into. Check it out here.
Why do identity security defenders need EntraGoat?
Modern Entra ID environments are a goldmine for attackers. Over-permissioned apps, stale group assignments, and mismanaged service principals offer more than enough to escalate to Global Administrator with a few clever moves.
EntraGoat reproduces these attack paths inside your own test tenant, giving you a safe and reproducible playground to learn, teach, test, or validate:
- Privileged role escalation via application ownership
- Service principal misuse with Graph API permissions
- PIM activation chains and eligible role abuse
- Dynamic administrative unit poisoning
- Passwordless persistence with Certificate Authority Forgery for impersonation of Global Administrator
How does EntraGoat work?
EntraGoat is part CTF, part learning lab. Each challenge includes:
- A unique attack scenario with hidden flags
- Setup and cleanup PowerShell scripts (no leftovers in your tenant)
- Step-by-step hints (or alternatively, go blind and earn the goat)
- Optional walkthroughs (if you’re stuck or want some hints)
- Blog post that covers the theoretical background (see the links below)
The interactive web interface (Figure 2) lets you track your progress, review challenge details, and submit flags—all hosted locally via React. Under the hood, each challenge is powered by PowerShell and Microsoft Graph.
The goal of EntraGoat is to provide a hands-on learning experience through a CTF-style platform.
The focus is entirely on Entra ID, so each scenario starts with access to a compromised identity and skips the reconnaissance phase, instead providing a realistic initial foothold story.
While we considered integrating additional platforms—such as Azure Key Vault for secret extraction or SharePoint for reading flags, we intentionally left them out. The emphasis is on identity-based attacks, not on broader cloud infrastructure.
Getting your hands dirty
EntraGoat’s beauty lies in its simplicity. With PowerShell commands and a test Entra ID tenant, you can deploy vulnerable configurations and begin exploring identity attack techniques immediately.
The platform provides both a user-friendly web interface for challenge management and direct PowerShell access for those who prefer command-line interaction. This flexibility accommodates different learning styles and technical preferences.
Safe by design
EntraGoat was built with safety in mind, but make sure you check the following:
- Runs only in your test tenant
- Cleanup scripts ensure your lab stays tidy
And always use responsibly. This is a weaponized learning environment.
EntraGoat is our way of giving back to the security community by making identity attacks understandable, repeatable, and defendable.
Train like an attacker. Defend like a pro. Break stuff—responsibly.
Check it out on GitHub.
Happy Hacking!
The EntraGoat Team
Keep going with EntraGoat
- Getting Started with EntraGoat: Breaking Entra ID the Smart Way
- Scenario 1: Service Principal Ownership Abuse in Entra ID
- Scenario 2: Exploiting App-Only Graph Permissions in Entra ID
- Scenario 6: Exploiting Certificate-Based Authentication to Impersonate Global Admin in Entra ID
Disclaimer
This content is provided for educational and informational purposes only. It is intended to promote awareness and responsible remediation of security vulnerabilities that may exist on systems you own or are authorized to test. Unauthorized use of this information for malicious purposes, exploitation, or unlawful access is strictly prohibited. Semperis does not endorse or condone any illegal activity and disclaims any liability arising from misuse of the material. Additionally, Semperis does not guarantee the accuracy or completeness of the content and assumes no liability for any damages resulting from its use.
